amads.pitch.key.profiles

amads.pitch.key.profiles#

NAME:#

Key Profiles (key_profiles_literature.py)

BY:#

Mark Gotham, 2021 Huw Cheston, 2025

LICENCE:#

Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

CITE:#

Gotham et al. “What if the ‘When’ Implies the ‘What’?”. ISMIR, 2021 (see README.md)

ABOUT:#

Pitch class usage profiles (PCP) from the literature.

In almost all cases reported here, keys are assumed to be equivalent, so the first (0th) entry is the tonic, and no key-specific information is given. The exception is QuinnWhite which provides key-specific data.

The profiles here provide the values exactly as reported in the literature. Where a profile does not sum to 1, an additional “_sum” entry is provided with that normalisation.

The profiles appear below in approximately chronological order. For reference, the alphabetical ordering is:

AardenEssen, AlbrechtShanahan, BellmanBudge, deClerqTemperley, KrumhanslKessler, KrumhanslSchmuckler, PrinceSchumuckler, QuinnWhite, SappSimple, TemperleyKostkaPayne, TemperleyDeClerq, Vuvan, VuvanHughes,

class amads.pitch.key.profiles.AardenEssen(name='AardenEssen', literature='Aarden (2003) based on Schaffrath (1995)', about='Folk melody transcriptions from the Essen collection', major=(17.7661, 0.145624, 14.9265, 0.160186, 19.8049, 11.3587, 0.291248, 22.062, 0.145624, 8.15494, 0.232998, 4.95122), major_sum=(0.178, 0.001, 0.149, 0.002, 0.198, 0.114, 0.003, 0.221, 0.001, 0.082, 0.002, 0.05), minor=(18.2648, 0.737619, 14.0499, 16.8599, 0.702494, 14.4362, 0.702494, 18.6161, 4.56621, 1.93186, 7.37619, 1.75623), minor_sum=(0.183, 0.007, 0.14, 0.169, 0.007, 0.144, 0.007, 0.186, 0.046, 0.019, 0.074, 0.018)) → None[source]#
Parameters:

  • name (str)

  • literature (str)

  • about (str)

  • major (tuple[float])

  • major_sum (tuple[float])

  • minor (tuple[float])

  • minor_sum (tuple[float])

class amads.pitch.key.profiles.AlbrechtShanahan(name='AlbrechtShanahan', literature='Albrecht and Shanahan (Music Perception, 2013)', about='Partial pieces for more stable within-key environment.\\n               Note that the two pairs of distributions reported in the appendix are identical', major=(0.238, 0.006, 0.111, 0.006, 0.137, 0.094, 0.016, 0.214, 0.009, 0.08, 0.008, 0.081), minor=(0.22, 0.006, 0.104, 0.123, 0.019, 0.103, 0.012, 0.214, 0.062, 0.022, 0.061, 0.052)) → None[source]#
Parameters:

  • name (str)

  • literature (str)

  • about (str)

  • major (tuple[float])

  • minor (tuple[float])

class amads.pitch.key.profiles.BellmanBudge(name='BellmanBudge', literature='Bellman (2005, sometimes given as 2006) after Budge (1943)', about='Chords in Western common practice tonality', major=(16.8, 0.86, 12.95, 1.41, 13.49, 11.93, 1.25, 20.28, 1.8, 8.04, 0.62, 10.57), major_sum=(0.168, 0.009, 0.13, 0.014, 0.135, 0.119, 0.013, 0.203, 0.018, 0.08, 0.006, 0.106), minor=(18.16, 0.69, 12.99, 13.34, 1.07, 11.15, 1.38, 21.07, 7.49, 1.53, 0.92, 10.21), minor_sum=(0.182, 0.007, 0.13, 0.133, 0.011, 0.112, 0.014, 0.211, 0.075, 0.015, 0.009, 0.102)) → None[source]#
Parameters:

  • name (str)

  • literature (str)

  • about (str)

  • major (tuple[float])

  • major_sum (tuple[float])

  • minor (tuple[float])

  • minor_sum (tuple[float])

class amads.pitch.key.profiles.DeClerqTemperley(name='DeClerqTemperley', literature='deClerq and Temperley (Popular Music, 2011)', about='Chord roots (specifically) in rock harmony.', roots=(0.328, 0.005, 0.036, 0.026, 0.019, 0.226, 0.003, 0.163, 0.04, 0.072, 0.081, 0.004)) → None[source]#
Parameters:

  • name (str)

  • literature (str)

  • about (str)

  • roots (tuple[float])

class amads.pitch.key.profiles.KrumhanslKessler(name='KrumhanslKessler', literature='Krumhansl and Kessler (1982). See also Krumhansl and Shepard (1979)', about="Early PCP from psychological 'goodness of fit' tests using probe-tones", major=(6.35, 2.23, 3.48, 2.33, 4.38, 4.09, 2.52, 5.19, 2.39, 3.66, 2.29, 2.88), major_sum=(0.152, 0.053, 0.083, 0.056, 0.105, 0.098, 0.06, 0.124, 0.057, 0.088, 0.055, 0.069), minor=(6.33, 2.68, 3.52, 5.38, 2.6, 3.53, 2.54, 4.75, 3.98, 2.69, 3.34, 3.17), minor_sum=(0.142, 0.06, 0.079, 0.121, 0.058, 0.079, 0.057, 0.107, 0.089, 0.06, 0.075, 0.071)) → None[source]#
Parameters:

  • name (str)

  • literature (str)

  • about (str)

  • major (tuple[float])

  • major_sum (tuple[float])

  • minor (tuple[float])

  • minor_sum (tuple[float])

class amads.pitch.key.profiles.KrumhanslSchmuckler(name='KrumhanslSchmuckler', literature='Krumhansl (1990)', about='Early case of key-estimation through matching usage with profiles', major=(6.35, 2.33, 3.48, 2.33, 4.38, 4.09, 2.52, 5.19, 2.39, 3.66, 2.29, 2.88), major_sum=(0.152, 0.056, 0.083, 0.056, 0.105, 0.098, 0.06, 0.124, 0.057, 0.087, 0.055, 0.069), minor=(6.33, 2.68, 3.52, 5.38, 2.6, 3.53, 2.54, 4.75, 3.98, 2.69, 3.34, 3.17), minor_sum=(0.142, 0.06, 0.079, 0.121, 0.058, 0.079, 0.057, 0.107, 0.089, 0.06, 0.075, 0.071)) → None[source]#
Parameters:

  • name (str)

  • literature (str)

  • about (str)

  • major (tuple[float])

  • major_sum (tuple[float])

  • minor (tuple[float])

  • minor_sum (tuple[float])

class amads.pitch.key.profiles.PrinceSchumuckler(name='PrinceSchumuckler', literature='Prince and Schmuckler (Music Perception, 2014)', about='Distinction between downbeat and all beats.\\n               Note they also provide profiles for metrical position usage.', downbeat_major=(1.0, 0.088610811, 0.569205361, 0.140888014, 0.615384615, 0.481864956, 0.140888014, 0.976815092, 0.156831608, 0.433398971, 0.122721209, 0.427237502), downbeat_major_sum=(0.194, 0.017, 0.11, 0.027, 0.119, 0.093, 0.027, 0.19, 0.03, 0.084, 0.024, 0.083), downbeat_minor=(1.0, 0.127885863, 0.516472114, 0.640207523, 0.174189364, 0.537483787, 0.160311284, 0.989883268, 0.426588846, 0.172114137, 0.430350195, 0.286381323), downbeat_minor_sum=(0.183, 0.023, 0.095, 0.117, 0.032, 0.098, 0.029, 0.181, 0.078, 0.032, 0.079, 0.052), all_beats_major=(0.919356471, 0.114927991, 0.729198287, 0.144709771, 0.697021822, 0.525970522, 0.214762724, 1.0, 0.156143546, 0.542952545, 0.142399406, 0.541215555), all_beats_major_sum=(0.16, 0.02, 0.127, 0.025, 0.122, 0.092, 0.037, 0.175, 0.027, 0.095, 0.025, 0.094), all_beats_minor=(0.874192439, 0.150655606, 0.637256776, 0.697274361, 0.162238618, 0.62471807, 0.167131771, 1.0, 0.47788524, 0.212622807, 0.467754884, 0.298711724), all_beats_minor_sum=(0.151, 0.026, 0.11, 0.121, 0.028, 0.108, 0.029, 0.173, 0.083, 0.037, 0.081, 0.052)) → None[source]#
Parameters:

  • name (str)

  • literature (str)

  • about (str)

  • downbeat_major (tuple[float])

  • downbeat_major_sum (tuple[float])

  • downbeat_minor (tuple[float])

  • downbeat_minor_sum (tuple[float])

  • all_beats_major (tuple[float])

  • all_beats_major_sum (tuple[float])

  • all_beats_minor (tuple[float])

  • all_beats_minor_sum (tuple[float])

class amads.pitch.key.profiles.QuinnWhite(name='QuinnWhite', literature='Quinn and White (Music Perception 2017)', about='Separate profiles for each key', major_all=(0.172, 0.014, 0.107, 0.011, 0.16, 0.099, 0.018, 0.231, 0.017, 0.059, 0.016, 0.093), major_6=(0.166, 0.018, 0.096, 0.014, 0.17, 0.085, 0.019, 0.24, 0.019, 0.062, 0.02, 0.091), major_1=(0.173, 0.016, 0.103, 0.014, 0.165, 0.091, 0.02, 0.234, 0.018, 0.055, 0.018, 0.093), major_8=(0.171, 0.014, 0.099, 0.013, 0.164, 0.099, 0.018, 0.235, 0.016, 0.064, 0.015, 0.093), major_3=(0.173, 0.015, 0.108, 0.011, 0.16, 0.098, 0.019, 0.231, 0.016, 0.059, 0.015, 0.094), major_10=(0.169, 0.016, 0.107, 0.013, 0.158, 0.099, 0.02, 0.23, 0.017, 0.06, 0.017, 0.096), major_5=(0.173, 0.014, 0.108, 0.009, 0.161, 0.096, 0.018, 0.231, 0.016, 0.063, 0.016, 0.095), major_0=(0.174, 0.014, 0.112, 0.01, 0.16, 0.1, 0.016, 0.23, 0.015, 0.058, 0.016, 0.096), major_7=(0.175, 0.013, 0.108, 0.011, 0.156, 0.102, 0.017, 0.233, 0.016, 0.058, 0.019, 0.091), major_2=(0.175, 0.013, 0.113, 0.01, 0.155, 0.102, 0.017, 0.227, 0.017, 0.061, 0.015, 0.094), major_9=(0.174, 0.014, 0.108, 0.012, 0.16, 0.101, 0.017, 0.232, 0.018, 0.059, 0.014, 0.093), major_4=(0.171, 0.013, 0.108, 0.01, 0.161, 0.106, 0.015, 0.229, 0.019, 0.059, 0.016, 0.092), major_11=(0.167, 0.014, 0.106, 0.014, 0.164, 0.1, 0.018, 0.233, 0.021, 0.054, 0.02, 0.089), minor_all=(0.17, 0.012, 0.115, 0.149, 0.013, 0.095, 0.027, 0.211, 0.074, 0.024, 0.026, 0.085), minor_6=(0.172, 0.013, 0.109, 0.149, 0.014, 0.091, 0.029, 0.215, 0.075, 0.025, 0.028, 0.081), minor_1=(0.168, 0.014, 0.112, 0.152, 0.014, 0.093, 0.028, 0.212, 0.078, 0.022, 0.026, 0.082), minor_8=(0.168, 0.014, 0.106, 0.151, 0.014, 0.093, 0.028, 0.212, 0.076, 0.022, 0.03, 0.085), minor_3=(0.168, 0.014, 0.111, 0.152, 0.015, 0.087, 0.032, 0.213, 0.073, 0.025, 0.027, 0.082), minor_10=(0.164, 0.011, 0.113, 0.15, 0.014, 0.095, 0.033, 0.205, 0.078, 0.027, 0.027, 0.083), minor_5=(0.167, 0.011, 0.117, 0.141, 0.012, 0.093, 0.026, 0.217, 0.077, 0.024, 0.025, 0.089), minor_0=(0.17, 0.012, 0.118, 0.141, 0.011, 0.098, 0.026, 0.212, 0.074, 0.024, 0.023, 0.091), minor_7=(0.174, 0.011, 0.116, 0.152, 0.014, 0.094, 0.028, 0.208, 0.069, 0.027, 0.026, 0.081), minor_2=(0.172, 0.01, 0.118, 0.158, 0.012, 0.092, 0.023, 0.211, 0.067, 0.027, 0.027, 0.084), minor_9=(0.175, 0.01, 0.114, 0.149, 0.012, 0.096, 0.025, 0.217, 0.073, 0.021, 0.026, 0.083), minor_4=(0.174, 0.012, 0.114, 0.149, 0.013, 0.098, 0.029, 0.202, 0.076, 0.025, 0.023, 0.087), minor_11=(0.164, 0.012, 0.12, 0.144, 0.013, 0.102, 0.024, 0.208, 0.074, 0.022, 0.028, 0.088)) → None[source]#
Parameters:

  • name (str)

  • literature (str)

  • about (str)

  • major_all (tuple[float])

  • major_6 (tuple[float])

  • major_1 (tuple[float])

  • major_8 (tuple[float])

  • major_3 (tuple[float])

  • major_10 (tuple[float])

  • major_5 (tuple[float])

  • major_0 (tuple[float])

  • major_7 (tuple[float])

  • major_2 (tuple[float])

  • major_9 (tuple[float])

  • major_4 (tuple[float])

  • major_11 (tuple[float])

  • minor_all (tuple[float])

  • minor_6 (tuple[float])

  • minor_1 (tuple[float])

  • minor_8 (tuple[float])

  • minor_3 (tuple[float])

  • minor_10 (tuple[float])

  • minor_5 (tuple[float])

  • minor_0 (tuple[float])

  • minor_7 (tuple[float])

  • minor_2 (tuple[float])

  • minor_9 (tuple[float])

  • minor_4 (tuple[float])

  • minor_11 (tuple[float])

class amads.pitch.key.profiles.Sapp(name='Sapp', literature='Sapp (PhD thesis, 2011)', about='Simple set of scale degree intended for use with Krumhansl Schmuckler (above)', major=(2.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 2.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0), major_sum=(0.222, 0.0, 0.111, 0.0, 0.111, 0.111, 0.0, 0.222, 0.0, 0.111, 0.0, 0.111), minor=(2.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 2.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0), minor_sum=(0.222, 0.0, 0.111, 0.111, 0.0, 0.111, 0.0, 0.222, 0.111, 0.0, 0.111, 0.0)) → None[source]#
Parameters:

  • name (str)

  • literature (str)

  • about (str)

  • major (tuple[float])

  • major_sum (tuple[float])

  • minor (tuple[float])

  • minor_sum (tuple[float])

class amads.pitch.key.profiles.TemperleyDeClerq(name='TemperleyDeClerq', literature='Temperley and deClerq (JNMR, 2013)', about='Rock music and a distinction between melody and harmony.\\n               Distributions as reported in Vuvan and Hughes (2021, see below)\\n               following personal correspondence with Temperley.', melody_major=(0.223, 0.001, 0.158, 0.015, 0.194, 0.071, 0.002, 0.169, 0.003, 0.119, 0.008, 0.035), melody_minor=(0.317, 0.001, 0.09, 0.159, 0.046, 0.097, 0.007, 0.131, 0.009, 0.047, 0.087, 0.009), harmony_major=(0.231, 0.002, 0.091, 0.004, 0.149, 0.111, 0.004, 0.193, 0.004, 0.126, 0.011, 0.076), harmony_minor=(0.202, 0.006, 0.102, 0.127, 0.047, 0.113, 0.005, 0.177, 0.046, 0.051, 0.09, 0.034)) → None[source]#
Parameters:

  • name (str)

  • literature (str)

  • about (str)

  • melody_major (tuple[float])

  • melody_minor (tuple[float])

  • harmony_major (tuple[float])

  • harmony_minor (tuple[float])

class amads.pitch.key.profiles.TemperleyKostkaPayne(name='TemperleyKostkaPayne', literature='Temperley (2007 and 2008)', about='Usage by section and excerpts from a textbook (Kostka & Payne)', major=(0.748, 0.06, 0.488, 0.082, 0.67, 0.46, 0.096, 0.715, 0.104, 0.366, 0.057, 0.4), major_sum=(0.176, 0.014, 0.115, 0.019, 0.158, 0.108, 0.023, 0.168, 0.024, 0.086, 0.013, 0.094), minor=(0.712, 0.084, 0.474, 0.618, 0.049, 0.46, 0.105, 0.747, 0.404, 0.067, 0.133, 0.33), minor_sum=(0.17, 0.02, 0.113, 0.148, 0.012, 0.11, 0.025, 0.179, 0.097, 0.016, 0.032, 0.079)) → None[source]#
Parameters:

  • name (str)

  • literature (str)

  • about (str)

  • major (tuple[float])

  • major_sum (tuple[float])

  • minor (tuple[float])

  • minor_sum (tuple[float])

class amads.pitch.key.profiles.Vuvan(name='Vuvan', literature='Vuvan et al. (2011)', about='Different profiles for natural, harmonic, and melodic minors', natural_minor=(5.08, 3.03, 3.73, 4.23, 3.64, 3.85, 3.13, 5.29, 4.43, 3.95, 5.26, 3.99), natural_minor_sum=(0.102, 0.061, 0.075, 0.085, 0.073, 0.078, 0.063, 0.107, 0.089, 0.08, 0.106, 0.08), harmonic_minor=(4.62, 2.63, 3.74, 4.23, 3.63, 3.81, 4.15, 5.21, 4.77, 3.95, 3.79, 5.3), harmonic_minor_sum=(0.093, 0.053, 0.075, 0.085, 0.073, 0.076, 0.083, 0.105, 0.096, 0.079, 0.076, 0.106), melodic_minor=(4.75, 3.26, 3.76, 4.46, 3.49, 4.09, 3.67, 5.08, 4.14, 4.43, 4.51, 4.91), melodic_minor_sum=(0.094, 0.064, 0.074, 0.088, 0.069, 0.081, 0.073, 0.1, 0.082, 0.088, 0.089, 0.097)) → None[source]#
Parameters:

  • name (str)

  • literature (str)

  • about (str)

  • natural_minor (tuple[float])

  • natural_minor_sum (tuple[float])

  • harmonic_minor (tuple[float])

  • harmonic_minor_sum (tuple[float])

  • melodic_minor (tuple[float])

  • melodic_minor_sum (tuple[float])

class amads.pitch.key.profiles.VuvanHughes(name='VuvanHughes', literature='Vuvan and Hughes (Music Perception 2021)', about='A comparison of Classical and Rock music.', classical=(5.38, 2.65, 3.39, 3.01, 3.62, 3.96, 2.83, 4.93, 2.9, 3.38, 2.91, 3.03), classical_sum=(0.128, 0.063, 0.081, 0.072, 0.086, 0.094, 0.067, 0.117, 0.069, 0.08, 0.069, 0.072), rock=(5.34, 3.33, 3.73, 3.39, 3.95, 3.99, 2.82, 4.54, 2.9, 3.21, 2.88, 2.71), rock_sum=(0.125, 0.078, 0.087, 0.079, 0.092, 0.093, 0.066, 0.106, 0.068, 0.075, 0.067, 0.063)) → None[source]#
Parameters:

  • name (str)

  • literature (str)

  • about (str)

  • classical (tuple[float])

  • classical_sum (tuple[float])

  • rock (tuple[float])

  • rock_sum (tuple[float])

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